Kharakhorum, the national capital during the Mongol Empire, was the political, economic, and cultural center of its time, and for a period in the 13th century, it became the center of the world.
With the passage of time and the development of eras, Kharakhorum gradually faded away on the vast grasslands. Yet, its glorious and splendid history will not be easily erased.
Standing beneath the stupa of Erdene Zuu, listening to the gentle spin of prayer wheels, feeling the weathered stone foundations of the ancient city of Kharakhorum, and gazing out over the Erkhii River Valley flowing through the city… It’s as if you can hear the thunder of Mongolian cavalry hooves, the jingling of caravan camel bells, and the voices of travelers all converging here. This is a pilgrimage through time and space—where the deep whispers of history and the eternal breath of the steppe meet, allowing you to touch the ancient past.
1.Weather
Kharakhorum’s climate is more variable than Ulaanbaatar’s, characterized by strong winds and dry conditions.
The best time to visit Kharakhorum is during the summer from June to August. Daytime temperatures are usually warm and pleasant, with abundant sunshine. The blue sky and white clouds make the grasslands especially magnificent. However, strong winds are frequent and sometimes accompanied by brief but intense thunderstorms. Nighttime temperatures can drop sharply.
From November to March of the following year, winter is long and extremely cold. Only travelers with experience in extreme cold and proper equipment should consider venturing during this period.
The remaining spring and autumn seasons have highly variable weather, with drastic temperature fluctuations. Within a single day, you might experience sunshine, strong winds, rain, and even snow. However, the grasslands turn golden during these seasons, offering beautiful scenery. The temperatures are not too cold, making it a good time to visit if you can adapt to the unpredictable weather.
2.Popular Attractions
Erdene Zuu Monastery: Construction began in 1586, making it the oldest surviving Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Mongolia. Along the perimeter wall of the monastery stand 108 white stupas, presenting a truly spectacular view. Inside the monastery, precious artifacts from the 15th to 17th centuries are preserved, including paintings, decorations, embroidered items, numerous manuscripts, woodblock books, and stone inscriptions. These treasures are of great significance for studying the history of Erdene Zuu and the development of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia.
Kharakhorum Ancient City Ruins: The former capital gradually declined, and its above-ground structures have fallen into ruin, buried by wind and sand. However, based on the currently discovered remains of earthen walls, palaces, streets, and houses, it is still possible to outline the city’s former glorious appearance. Archaeological work is ongoing, and more discoveries are expected in the future.
Kharakhorum Museum: It is a modern museum that vividly recreates the grand history, diverse cultures, and daily life of Kharakhorum when it was once the world’s capital, using a combination of text, images, and multimedia. Inside, there is a reconstructed sand table model of Kharakhorum from the Ögedei Khan period, along with displays of artifacts such as arrowheads, coins, ceramics, and glassware.
Orkhon Waterfall: It is a dramatic cliff waterfall formed by geological activity, with rushing water and magnificent momentum. It is a rare natural wonder on the steppe, with summer being the ideal season for viewing.
3.Shopping
Small Shops and Stalls: You can find unique souvenirs and small items here, while also experiencing the local daily life atmosphere.
Nomadic Families: When visiting nomadic families, you may have the opportunity to purchase handcrafted felt or leather goods directly from the herders, making the souvenirs even more meaningful.
4.Transportation Guide
Car Rental / Private Car Hire: This option is suitable for visiting attractions located farther away. Be aware that mobile signals can sometimes be weak, so it’s recommended to download maps in advance. Road conditions vary greatly, and some sections are dirt roads, so be prepared for a bumpy ride.
Walking: The main attractions within the town are relatively close to each other and can be reached on foot.
5.Accommodation Recommendations
City Center Area: This is the main activity area for residents of Kharakhorum. Although the town is relatively small, most commercial and service businesses are concentrated here, and it is close to several attractions. There are a few guesthouses and hotels available in this area, so it’s best to book in advance. Online booking options are limited; for accommodations without online booking, you can contact the owners directly or arrange through a travel agency.
Near the Station Area: This area offers convenient transportation, ideal for travelers who frequently need to travel to Ulaanbaatar or other destinations. There are yurt camps with wide-open views where you can experience the starry nights of the grasslands.
