Thailand, often referred to as the “Land of a Thousand Buddhas,” is home to over 90% of Buddhists, and the country is filled with countless temples and Buddha statues. As such, the number of Buddhist-related festivals in Thailand is innumerable, and Magha Puja is one of the most important.
Makha Bucha Day, also known as Buddhist All Saints Day, is celebrated on the 15th day of the 3rd month in the Thai lunar calendar (or the 15th of the 4th month during a leap year). It commemorates the day when the Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, first preached his teachings to 1,250 enlightened disciples (Arhats). This event holds significant importance in Thai Buddhism, and the day is regarded as the birth of Buddhism. As a result, it is celebrated with grand ceremonies across the country. According to historical records, the official observance of Makha Bucha Day began during the reign of King Rama V of the Chakri Dynasty, who declared it a national holiday, a tradition that continues to this day.
On Makha Bucha Day, all of Thailand is immersed in an atmosphere of peace and devotion.
Morning of Almsgiving and Offerings: On the morning of Makha Bucha Day, people of all ages bring flowers, incense, and offerings to the temples to make donations, perform acts of charity, burn incense, and pay respects to the Buddha.
Afternoon Sermons and Chanting: The afternoon is dedicated to spiritual reflection, with an emphasis on “avoiding evil, doing good, and purifying the mind”. Listening to sermons and teachings is believed to cleanse the heart and maintain a kind and virtuous spirit. Across Thailand, people gather in temples on this day to listen to senior monks chant scriptures and preach the teachings of the Buddha, fostering mindfulness and compassion.
Evening Candle Procession and Buddha Worship: A candle procession is a key event on the evening of Makha Bucha Day, held at temples nationwide. Devotees walk clockwise around the main pagoda or central structure of the temple, holding candles and flowers, offering their devotion, and paying respect to the Buddha and other deities. The large number of participants and the sea of lights create a beautiful and awe-inspiring spectacle.
Makha Bucha Day is not only a celebration for Buddhists but also a shared event for all Thai people. Whether in cities or villages, young or old, everyone actively participates in the festivities. They express their faith and respect for Buddhism through acts of charity, offering alms to monks, and listening to Buddhist teachings.
